Islam is a comprehensive way of life that not only governs human interactions, worship, and societal matters, but also instills justice, compassion, and kindness towards all creatures of the universe. Among these creations are animals — beings often used to fulfill human needs, but by no means devoid of rights. In today’s materialistic and self-centered world, where cruelty to animals is commonplace, Islamic teachings offer a balanced, practical, and deeply humane perspective.

Animal Rights in Islam:

At a time when animals were treated as mere tools for entertainment, gambling, or brute strength, Islam laid down clear principles for their humane treatment. From prohibiting cruelty to assigning spiritual rewards for kindness to animals, Islam presented a revolutionary view of animal welfare — long before the modern “animal rights” movements took shape.

In Light of the Qur’an and Hadith:

The Qur’an declares:

“There is no creature on the Earth nor a bird flying with its wings but are communities like you.”
(Al-An‘am: 38)

This verse affirms the dignity and communal identity of animals.

The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:

“Indeed, Allah has prescribed excellence in everything.”
(Sahih Muslim: 3615)

Even while slaughtering animals, excellence and kindness are required.

A woman was condemned to Hell for starving a cat (Bukhari: 2365), while a sinful woman was forgiven by Allah for giving water to a thirsty dog (Muslim: 2244).

Prohibited Practices in Islam:

Using animals as live targets for archery or sport (Bukhari: 5195)

Cutting off limbs from live animals (Tirmidhi: 1400)

Overburdening or starving them (Abu Dawood: 2549)

Making animals fight each other (Abu Dawood: 2562)

Killing animals without necessity (Nasa’i: 4274)

Responding to Common Misconceptions:

“Isn’t animal sacrifice in Islam a form of cruelty?”
No. Animal sacrifice (Qurbani) is a sacred form of worship, deeply symbolic and tightly regulated. Islam mandates:

Use of a sharp knife

Quick and painless slaughter

Offering water to the animal before sacrifice

Avoiding unnecessary delay or panic

All of this is to ensure dignity and minimize suffering.

“Animals are created for humans — why talk about their rights?”
Islam does not see humans as owners, but as trustees (Amanah-bearers):
“Indeed, We offered the Trust to the heavens, the earth, and the mountains…”
(Al-Ahzab: 72)
This trust requires that animals be treated with care, justice, and responsibility — not as commodities.

Caring for Animals During Extreme Heat:

In harsh summer climates, animals are particularly vulnerable. Islamic ethics call for:

Fresh Drinking Water: Supply cool and clean water multiple times a day.

Shade and Shelter: Protect animals from direct sunlight, especially during noon.

Moist, Light Food: Offer hydrating, easy-to-digest food.

Reduce Workload: For animals used for transport or labor, minimize burden during peak heat.

Sprinkle Water: Gently spraying water can cool their bodies.

Timely Medical Care: Any wounds, dehydration, or sickness must be addressed promptly.

Conclusion:

Islam came as a “Mercy to the Worlds”, and this mercy extends to animals. The religion recognizes them as living, feeling beings — not soulless resources. In a world increasingly indifferent to their suffering, Muslims are called upon not only to speak for the voiceless, but to act as their protectors. Every drop of their thirst, every cry of their pain — is a test of our humanity and faith.

References:

The Holy Qur’an:

Al-An‘am: 38

An-Nahl: 5-8

Yaseen: 71–73

Al-Ahzab: 72

Hadith Collections:

Sahih Bukhari: 5195, 2320, 2365

Sahih Muslim: 2244, 3615

Abu Dawood: 2549, 2562, 4084

Tirmidhi: 1400

Nasa’i: 4274

Classical Tafasir:

Tafsir al-Qurtubi (Vol. 10, p. 69–70)

Tafsir al-Razi (Vol. 19, p. 227–231)

Fiqh Books:

Fath al-Qadeer

Mawahib al-Jaleel

Kashshaf al-Qina’

al-Insaaf

al-Mughni

Tabyin al-Haqa’iq

Contemporary Article:

“Islam mein Janwaron ke Huqooq” by Muhammad Sabir Husain Nadvi